China Export Controls: Gallium and Germanium as Geopolitical Weapons
How China export controls reshaped global supply chains China’s gallium and germanium export controls have become a defining case study in supply chain weaponisation. In August 2023, global exports of both metals from China collapsed to near zero almost overnight. China is the world’s dominant producer of both. Market forces did not cause this collapse […]
Geopolitics of fossil fuels: energy transition and new global crisis
In an increasingly unstable global context, fossil fuels continue to play a crucial role in global geopolitics. This is one of the key points that emerged during the seminar held by Pier Paolo Raimondi, Research Fellow at EUI and Senior Research Fellow at IAI, dedicated to the geopolitics of fossil fuels, with its trends, players […]
China-EU Automotive Trade War: Retaliation Reshapes Europe’s Automotive Sector
As part of the China-EU automotive trade war, Beijing has frozen investments in European countries supporting tariffs. Automakers like Stellantis are forced to reassess production strategies and navigate the growing uncertainties of an escalating trade conflict. The EU’s Tariff Decision and Industry Reactions In late 2024, the European Union imposed tariffs of up to 45% […]
Trump Tariffs: Economic and Geopolitical Considerations
On April 2nd, Trump launched a full-scale trade war by imposing universal tariffs. They included a 10% base rate, with variations depending on the country and its trade deficit with the United States, reaching in some cases as high as 74%. This prompted immediate retaliatory measures from China and uncertainty among other countries, torn between […]